ABSTRACT
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) get priority access to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination since they are at high risk of infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Indonesia, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was utilized to generate an antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers. However, data on the kinetics of antibodies generated by this vaccination remains inconsistent. This study aimed to assess quantitative antibody titers on the 28th and 90th days after the second dose of COVID-19 immunization. Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 189 HCWs. The samples were analyzed by Roche® Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology test for quantitative SARS-CoV-2 total antibody. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17 for Windows. Results: Most of the subjects (75.1%) were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3. Most subjects are medic (68.8%), do not have comorbid (75.8%), have not been infected with Covid-19 (73.5%), and not a close contact (55%). Previous COVID-19 infection affects antibody titers significantly (p<0.0001). Moreover, quantitative antibody titers differ significantly between 28-and 90-days following the second dose of Sinovac vaccination (p<0.0001). However, age, gender, profession, comorbidity, and history of close contact did not significantly associate with antibody titers (p=0.150, p=0.105, p=0.367, p=0.063, and p=0.696, respectively). Conclusions: Our study shows that antibody titers on 90-days following the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination are significantly lower than after 28 days. Moreover, antibody titers on survivors are higher than on those who have not been infected. Further multi-institutional study with a larger sample and longer follow-up is necessary to clarify and confirm our findings. © 2023, Sanglah General Hospital. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Advances in information technology (IT) have forced big changes in the business world. Digital technology, which is one of the ITs, has a significant influence in changing business trends. Some businesses have emerged and expanded due to digital technology. On the other hand, some companies that have survived for hundreds of years have been forced to undergo bankruptcy due to a lack of response to emerging digital technology. Digital marketing, which is a marketing system using internet and information technology, has been used widely, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The restricted movement policy during the pandemic has boosted the increased use of digital marketing. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) also use digital marketing to assist in the survival of SMEs during this pandemic era. This chapter aims to (1) clarify the Indonesian government’s policy for SMEs, including digital marketing policy, (2) clarify the current condition of digital marketing practice of SMEs in Indonesia, and (3) analyze a case study of SMEs utilizing digital marketing before and during this pandemic period. The government of Indonesia recognizes the importance of SMEs’ development and supports the development of the digital marketing of SMEs. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many SMEs in the country;however, there are many SMEs that used or started to use digital marketing to be able to survive and grow. Sipetek is one of the SMEs that has utilized digital marketing, especially in its reseller system. The pandemic had impacted its production and distribution in its early stages;however, Sipetek is now able to utilize the advantages of digital marketing and continue to grow. © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: For students and trainees, COVID-19 has restricted opportunities for training and development. We sought to develop a virtual network to facilitate remote engagement and training in surgical research during COVID-19. RoboSurg aims to conduct a series of systematic reviews, to summarise and critique the reporting of studies of robot-assisted surgery across seven upper gastrointestinal procedures. Methods: A protocol was developed based on previously published work. Searches were undertaken to identify studies evaluating robotic pancreas, liver, oesophagus, stomach, gallbladder, bariatric and antireflux surgery. Participants were identified through social media and collaborative research networks. Abstracts were screened for inclusion by two participants. Data extraction is completed by teams of collaborators, entered into a bespoke REDCap database and verified by senior team member. Changes are logged, with rationale and feedback provided to collaborators and reviewed by a third reviewer to assess consistency. Results of each review will be summarised in narrative syntheses. Results: A total of 134 collaborators have registered, with 73 active participants. Collaborators range from second year medical students to surgical registrars across the UK. To date, 9444 abstracts and 1653 full texts have been screened with 422 eligible articles identified. Data extraction for two systematic reviews, including 193 articles, has been completed using this approach. Conclusion: RoboSurg has developed a network and methodological framework for the remote conduction of complex systematic reviews, which can be utilised to engage and train students and trainees in surgical research.